How to Change Text Color of File Names in Project Window and Editor Tabs
Answered
How do I change the text color to white in these places in a theme in these places:

They're set to some default color that's not in my theme. I've seen text in other menus with this color. Is it possible to change all instances of this color to white?
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Please see the reference https://www.jetbrains.org/intellij/sdk/docs/reference_guide/ui_themes/themes_customize.html
That link didn't mention anything regarding this issue.
The error actually came from the editor theme. I thought the editor theme could only edit the editor pane, but there's one exception to that rule: version control file colors. This means that the editor theme can change the text color on the side. Removing this code from the editor theme allowed the foreground key to set the color to white.
I didn't find any documentation for this very strange behavior, but I really think this should be documented in both the editor and theme docs.
See https://www.jetbrains.org/intellij/sdk/docs/reference_guide/ui_themes/themes_extras.html#customizing-version-control-file-status-colors