Bird's eye view of a PHP development setup

Since I want to make a full swing from an ancient platform to open source platforms and developing on them, it can be said I know absolutely nothing about anything to do with Apache, PHP, etc. This has proven a major headache for me because for how much I try I cannot get a development environment set up. There is so much advise in editing setup files like php.ini httpd.conf that are incomplete and full of jargon that a novice developer hasn't got a clue about and before he knows it has screwed up his machine.
It is simple all say, set up a LAMP, WAMP or MAMP choose an IDE and there you go! Not so because then these IDEs start complaining about stuff that hasn't been set up, missing this, missing that. I may not be the brightest of minds because I have now spend several days searching in settings and the like and I am still unable to produce a "Hello world".
Does anyone know of a clear diagram that shows ALL elements required for a solid PHP development environment with GitHub involved, one that would be able to show a novice what elements are required? Without jargon and lumps of text please, because that's for later.
Thanks,
Chris